Cikakkun Kulawa na Gilashin Gishiri don Buƙatun Motar Ruwan Kankare 

Jumlar bututun famfo na kankara sun dogara sosai kan silinda na ruwa don cimma daidaitattun ɗagawa, faɗaɗa, da motsi na nadawa. Wadannan silinda suna aiki a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, nauyi mai nauyi, da matsananciyar yanayin aiki (kamar fallasa ga ragowar kankare, ƙura, da canjin yanayin zafi), yin gyare-gyare na yau da kullun da gyare-gyaren lokaci mai mahimmanci don hana gazawar kwatsam da tabbatar da amincin aiki. Wannan labarin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da mahimman matakai da la'akari da fasaha don gyaran gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na bututun famfo na kankare, rufe shirye-shiryen gyaran gyare-gyare, rarrabuwa, dubawa, maye gurbin kayan aiki, sake haɗuwa, da gwajin gyare-gyare.

1. Shirye-shiryen Gabatarwa: Tsaro da Shiryewar Kayan aiki

Tsaro shine babban fifiko kafin fara kowane aikin gyarawa. Da farko, kiliya motar famfo na kankare a kan lebur, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasa kuma ja birki na fakin. Rage haɓakar haɓakar zuwa madaidaicin matsayi a kwance (ko amfani da firam ɗin tallafi idan ba za a iya saukar da haɓakar ba) don rage matsin lamba akan silinda na ruwa. Kashe injin motar kuma ka cire haɗin baturin don kauce wa kunna tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa na bazata. Na gaba, saki ragowar matsa lamba a cikin da'irar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa: sannu a hankali sassauta haɗin haɗin bututun mai na silinda (ta yin amfani da maƙarƙashiya tare da madaidaicin juzu'i) yayin sanya kwanon mai da ke ƙasa don tattara mai mai ɗigon ruwa, yana tabbatar da cewa babu babban mai fesa mai don haifar da rauni.

Don shirye-shiryen kayan aiki, tara kayan aiki na musamman don guje wa ɓarna ainihin abubuwan da aka gyara. Kayan aikin da ake buƙata sun haɗa da: saitin magudanar wuta (tare da kewayon 0-500 N · m, dacewa don ƙarfafa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kusoshi daban-daban), tsayuwar disassembly na hydraulic (don gyara silinda a tsaye a lokacin disassembly), mai jan sandar fistan (don amintacce cire piston daga ganga silinda), mai tsabtace ultrasonic kamar kayan tsaftacewa (don tsaftace ƙananan abubuwan gyara). da kuma bawuloli), mai gwadawa mai ƙwanƙwasa (don duba bangon ciki na ganga silinda da saman sandar piston), da saitin sassa na maye gurbin (kamar hatimi, O-rings, zoben ƙura, da hannayen riga, waɗanda dole ne su dace da ƙirar silinda-misali, don Sany SY5419THB famfo manyan motocin famfo, yi amfani da hatimin asali na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan da ake amfani da su tare da rubber fluruble. matsanancin matsin lamba da lalata mai).

2. Rage Silinda Mai Ruwa: Mataki-mataki-mataki da rigakafin lalacewa

Kwakkwance silinda a cikin tsaftataccen bita mara ƙura (ko amfani da murfin ƙura idan ana aiki a waje) don hana gurɓatawa shiga tsarin injin ruwa. Dole ne jerin gwano ya bi tsarin tsarin silinda don guje wa nakasar abubuwa:

1. Cire Haɗin Waje: Yi amfani da maƙarƙashiyar soket don cire haɗin mashigar mai da bututun fitarwa daga madafunan ƙarshen Silinda. Alama kowane bututu da haɗin gwiwa tare da tambari (misali, “Bututun Inlet - Ƙarshen Sanda”) don guje wa rashin haɗin gwiwa yayin sake haɗuwa. Toshe tashoshin bututun da ramukan mai da silinda tare da tsattsauran madafunan filastik don hana ƙura ko tarkace shiga.
2. Rushe Ƙarshen Cap da Piston Rod: Gyara ganga na Silinda akan madaidaicin rarrabawa. Yi amfani da maƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfi don sassauta ƙullun da ke haɗa hular ƙarshen gaba (ƙarshen sanda) zuwa ganga ta silinda — yi amfani da juzu'i a ko'ina (misali, 80-120 N·m don kusoshi na M16) don hana murfin ƙarshen karkata. Bayan cire kusoshi, yi amfani da mallet na roba don matsa murfin ƙarshen a hankali kuma a cire shi a kwance. Sa'an nan kuma, sannu a hankali cire sandar fistan (tare da fistan a haɗe) daga cikin ganga na silinda, don guje wa zazzage saman sandar piston a gefen ganga na silinda.
3. Warware Abubuwan Ciki: Raba piston daga sandar fistan ta hanyar cire goro mai kulle (amfani da spanner tare da kushin da ba zamewa ba don hana sandar piston daga juyawa). Fitar da taron hatimi (ciki har da babban hatimi, zobe na ajiya, da hatimin buffer) daga fistan da hular ƙarewa — yi amfani da zaɓin filastik don guje wa lalata ramukan hatimin.

3. Duban Abun Abu: Mahimman Ma'auni don Sauyawa

Dole ne a bincika kowane ɓangaren da aka wargaje don tantance ko gyara ko maye gurbinsa. Masu zuwa sune abubuwan dubawa da ƙa'idodi masu mahimmanci:

• Silinda Barrel: Bincika bangon ciki don karce, lalata, ko lalacewa. Yi amfani da ma'auni don auna rashin ƙarfi - idan ya zarce Ra0.8 μm (misali na ganga na silinda na ruwa), dole ne a maye gurbin ganga. Don ƙananan ɓarna (zurfin <0.2 mm), yi amfani da takarda mai laushi mai laushi (800-1200 raga) don goge saman a cikin hanyar silinda ta axis, amma tabbatar da diamita na ciki ya kasance a cikin kewayon haƙuri (misali, ± 0.05 mm don ganga diamita na ciki 160 mm).
• Piston Rod: Bincika farfajiyar waje don haƙarƙari, bawon chrome plating, ko lankwasa. Yi amfani da alamar bugun kira don auna madaidaicin-idan digirin lanƙwasawa ya wuce 0.5 mm kowace mita, dole ne a daidaita sandar (ta yin amfani da injin daidaita ma'aunin ruwa) ko maye gurbinsa. Duba kauri na chrome tare da ma'aunin kauri mai rufi; idan kasa da 0.05 mm, sake fara farantin sandar don hana lalata.
• Seals da O-Rings: Bincika fasa, taurin, ko nakasu. Ko da babu wata lalacewa a bayyane, maye gurbin duk hatimi tare da sababbi (kamar yadda hatimin ke raguwa a kan lokaci saboda tsufa na man fetur da canjin yanayin zafi). Tabbatar cewa sabbin hatimin suna da girman girman da abu ɗaya kamar na asali-misali, yi amfani da hatimin fluororubber don silinda da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi (sama da 80 ° C) don tsayayya da tsufa na thermal.
• Jagoran Sleeve da Piston: Bincika rami na ciki hannun rigar jagora don lalacewa-idan izinin tsakanin hannun jagora da sandar fistan ya wuce 0.15 mm (auna tare da ma'aunin ji), maye gurbin hannun rigar. Bincika ramukan rufe piston don nakasu; idan zurfin tsagi ya ragu da fiye da 0.1 mm, maye gurbin fistan don tabbatar da hatimin ya dace sosai.

4. Haɗuwa: Madaidaicin Aiki don Tabbatar da Ayyukan Rufewa

Sake haɗawa shine juzu'in tarwatsewa, amma daidaito yana da mahimmanci don gujewa yaɗuwa ko gazawar aiki. Bi waɗannan mahimman matakai:

1. Abubuwan Tsabtace: Kafin haɗuwa, tsaftace duk abubuwan da aka gyara (ciki har da ganga na silinda, sandar piston, da sabon hatimi) tare da keɓaɓɓen mai tsabtace mai na'ura mai mahimmanci (kauce wa amfani da man fetur ko dizal, wanda zai iya lalata hatimi). Bushe abubuwan da aka haɗa tare da matsa lamba (matsi <0.4 MPa) don hana ruwa ko saura daga ragowar.
2. Shigar Seals: Aiwatar da wani bakin ciki na man hydraulic mai (nau'i iri ɗaya da mai na tsarin, misali, ISO VG46) zuwa sababbin hatimi kuma shigar da su a cikin raƙuman hatimi. Don babban hatimi (misali, hatimin U-Cup), tabbatar da lebe yana fuskantar alkiblar man mai - shigar da ba daidai ba zai haifar da ɗigo mai ƙarfi. Yi amfani da kayan aikin saka hatimi (hannun filastik) don tura hatimin cikin tsagi, guje wa murɗawa.
3. Haɗa Piston da Piston Rod: Maƙala fistan a kan sandar fistan kuma ƙara ƙwanƙwasa kullewa zuwa ƙayyadaddun juzu'i (misali, 250-300 N·m don M24 kwayoyi). Yi amfani da maƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfi don tabbatar da ko da ƙarfi, kuma kulle goro tare da fil (idan an sanye shi) don hana sassautawa yayin aiki.
4. Shigar da Piston Rod a cikin Silinda Barrel: Aiwatar da mai na ruwa zuwa saman sandar piston da bangon ciki na ganga na Silinda. Tura sandar fistan a cikin ganga a hankali kuma a kwance, tabbatar da cewa piston ba zai yi karo da bangon ciki na ganga ba. Sa'an nan kuma, shigar da hular ƙarshen gaba, daidaita ramukan ƙulla, kuma ƙara ƙuƙuka a cikin ƙirar crisscross (dole ne karfin juyi ya dace da ƙayyadaddun ƙirar masana'anta-misali, 100 N·m don M18 bolts) don tabbatar da an rufe murfin ƙarshen tam.
5. Haɗa Bututun Mai: Sake haɗa bututun mai da bututun mai bisa ga alamun da aka yi yayin rarrabawa. Ƙarfafa haɗin haɗin bututu tare da maƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfi (misali, 40-60 N · m don bututun 1-inch) don kauce wa tsangwama, wanda zai iya lalata zaren.

5. Gwajin Gyaran baya: Tabbatar da Aiki da Tsaro

Bayan sake haɗuwa, gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da silinda na hydraulic yana aiki akai-akai:

• Gwajin No-Load: Haɗa baturin kuma fara injin motar. Kunna lever sarrafa albarku don tsawaita da ja da silinda sau 5-10 a ƙananan gudu (10-15 mm/s). Kula da leaks a ƙarshen iyakoki da haɗin haɗin bututun mai - idan ɗigogi ya faru, dakatar da gwajin nan da nan kuma duba shigarwar hatimi ko jujjuyawar hatimin.
• Gwajin lodi: Yi amfani da ma'aunin matsa lamba don auna matsi na tsarin hydraulic yayin aiki. Ƙarfafa haɓakar zuwa iyakar tsayinsa kuma yi amfani da kaya (50% na nauyin da aka ƙima, misali, ton 10 don haɓakar ƙimar tan 20) na mintuna 30. Bincika idan silinda ya riƙe nauyin a tsaye (babu a fili 沉降) kuma idan matsa lamba ya kasance a cikin kewayon ƙididdiga (misali, 25-30 MPa).
• Gwajin Aiki: Gwada saurin Silinda da amsawa ta hanyar daidaita haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar silinda. Tabbatar cewa motsi yana da santsi (babu jitter ko amo) kuma saurin ya dace da ƙayyadaddun masana'anta (misali, 30-40 mm/s don faɗaɗawa).

6. Nasihun Kulawa da Kulawa Bayan Gyara

Don tsawaita rayuwar sabis na silinda na hydraulic da aka gyara, bi waɗannan shawarwari:

• Canjin Mai Na Kullum: Sauya man hydraulic kowane sa'o'in aiki 2000 (ko sau ɗaya a shekara, duk wanda ya fara zuwa). Yi amfani da mai wanda ya cika ka'idodin tsarin (misali, man hydraulic anti-wear tare da danko na ISO VG46) kuma tace mai tare da tace 10 μm don cire datti.
• Tsaftace Tacewar iska: Tsarin iska na tsarin hydraulic yana hana ƙura daga shiga - tsaftace shi kowane sa'o'i 500 na aiki kuma ya maye gurbin shi kowane sa'o'i 1000.
• Binciken Kullum: Kafin kowane amfani, duba silinda don leaks, sandar piston don karce, da matakin mai a cikin tanki na ruwa. Idan an gano hayaniyar da ba ta dace ba ko motsi a hankali, dakatar da aiki kuma duba silinda nan da nan.

Kammalawa

Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Silinda wani ginshiƙi ne na simintin bunƙasar manyan motocin bututun, kuma ingancin kulawarsa yana shafar ingancin aiki da amincin motar kai tsaye. Ta bin cikakkun matakai na shirye-shiryen kulawa, daidaitaccen rarrabuwa, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, daidaitaccen daidaitawa, da cikakken gwajin gyare-gyare, masu fasaha na iya tabbatar da silinda na hydraulic yana aiki da dogaro. Kulawa na yau da kullun da maye gurbin abubuwan da suka lalace ba kawai rage haɗarin faduwa kwatsam ba amma har ma da tsawaita rayuwar sabis na duk tsarin bunƙasa, tabbatar da cewa motar bututun famfo tana aiki da ƙarfi a cikin ayyukan gini.