Dayactirka Tafatiran ee Baabuurta Haydarooliga ee Kobcinta Baabuurta Bambooyinka La taaban karo 

Kobcinta bamka la taaban karo waxay si aad ah ugu tiirsan yihiin dhululubada Haydarooliga si ay u gaadhaan qaadis sax ah oo deggan, fidin, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyo laablaaban. Dhululubadahani waxay ku shaqeeyaan cadaadis sare, culeysyo culus, iyo xaalado shaqo oo adag (sida soo-gaadhista haraaga shubka ah, boodhka, iyo isbedbedelka heerkulka), samaynta dayactirka joogtada ah iyo dayactirka waqtiga ee lama huraanka u ah si looga hortago fashilada degdega ah iyo hubinta badbaadada shaqada. Maqaalkani waxa uu faahfaahinayaa tillaabooyinka muhiimka ah iyo tixgalinta farsamada ee hagaajinta dhululubada haydarooliga ee kobaca bamka shubka, daboolaya diyaarinta dayactirka kahor, kala diris, kormeerka, beddelka qaybaha, dib-u-ururinta, iyo tijaabinta dayactirka kadib.

1. Diyaarinta Dayactirka Kahor: Badbaadada iyo Diyaargarowga Qalabka

Badbaadadu waa mudnaanta koowaad ka hor inta aanad bilaabin wax kasta oo dayactir ah. Marka hore, baabuurka shubka ah ku dhig meel fidsan, dhul adag oo geli barriga. Hoos u dhig kor u kaca oo u dhig meel toosan oo xasilan (ama isticmaal jir taageero haddii kor u kaca aan la dejin karin) si aad u yareyso cadaadiska dhululubada haworuliga. Demi mishiinka xamuulka oo ka saar batteriga si aad uga fogaato in si lama filaan ah uu u kiciyo nidaamka hawo-biyoodka. Marka xigta, sii daa cadaadiska hadhaaga ah ee wareegga hydraulic: si tartiib tartiib ah u dabciso isgoysyada tuubooyinka saliidda ee dhululubada (adiga oo isticmaalaya furaha leh xaddidaadda qulqulka) halka aad dhigayso digsiga saliidda ee hoose si aad u ururiso saliidda qulqulaya, iyada oo la hubinayo in saliid cadaadis-sare ah aysan buufin si ay dhaawac u keento.

Diyaarinta qalabka, soo aruuri qalabyada khaaska ah si aad isaga ilaaliso waxyeelada qaybaha saxda ah. Aaladaha lagama maarmaanka ah waxaa ka mid ah: xirmooyin wareeg ah (oo leh 0-500 N · m, oo ku habboon adkeynta qeexitaannada kala duwan ee boolal), isugeynta dhululubada hadhidarooliga ah (si loo hagaajiyo dhululubada inta lagu jiro kala-soocidda), jiidista ul bistoonka (si badbaado leh looga saaro piston foosto dhululubo), nadiifiyaha ultrasonic sida nadiifinta iyo qaybaha yaryar shaabadaha), tijaabiyaha qallafsanaanta dusha (si loo hubiyo gidaarka gudaha ee foostada cylinder iyo dusha sare ee usha piston), iyo qaybo ka mid ah beddelka (sida shaabadihii, O-rings, boodhka boodhka, iyo gacmo-gacmeedka, kuwaas oo ay tahay inay la mid noqdaan qaabka cylinder-tusaale ahaan, Sany SY5419THB baabuurta bamka, isticmaal shaabada asalka ah ee cadaadiska sare ee nitrile daxalka saliidda).

2. Burburinta Baabuurta Haydarooliga: Tallaabo-tallaabo iyo Ka-hortagga burburka

Kala saar dhululubada goob-hawleed nadiif ah oo aan boodh lahayn (ama isticmaal dabool boodhka haddii aad bannaanka ka shaqaynayso) si aad uga ilaaliso wasakhda inay soo gasho nidaamka biyo-xidheenka. Taxanaha kala diriddu waa in uu raacaa qaab-dhismeedka dhululubada si looga fogaado qallafsanaanta qaybaha:

1. Ka saar Xidhiidhada DibaddaIsticmaal furaha godka si aad uga gooysid tuubooyinka saliidda laga soo galo iyo kuwa ka baxa furaha dhamaadka dhululubada. Ku calaamadee tuubo kasta iyo kala-goysyada calaamad (tusaale, "Tubabka-Inlet-Ul End") si aad uga fogaato xiriir xumo inta lagu jiro dib-u-ururinta. Ku xidh dekedaha tuubooyinka iyo godadka saliidda silida koofiyadaha caaga ah ee nadiifka ah si aad uga hortagto in boodhka ama qashinka soo galaan.
2. Burburi Dabka Dhamaadka iyo Usha Biista: Ku hagaaji foostada dhululubo ee ku dul istaagga kala dirida. Isticmaal fur-fure si aad u dabciso boolalka ku xidhaya koofiyadda hore (dhamaadka usha) ilaa foostada dhululubada-si siman u mari qulqulka (tusaale, 80-120 N·m ee bolts M16) si aad uga ilaaliso daboolka dhamaadka inuu foorarsado. Ka dib markaad furto boolalka, isticmaal mallet caag ah si aad si tartiib ah ugu taabato daboolka dhamaadka oo aad si siman uga soo baxdid. Ka dib, si tartiib ah u soo jiid usha bistoonka (oo bisinku ku dheggan yahay) ka soo saar foostada dhululubo, adigoo iska ilaalinaya inaad xoqdo usha bisinka ee cidhifka foosto.
3. Kala-fur qaybaha gudaha: Kala sooc biistoonka ul bistoonka adiga oo ka saaraya lawska qufulka (isticmaal suuf leh suuf aan simbiriirixan lahayn si aad uga ilaaliso usha bisinka in ay wareegto). Ka soo saar shabbada shabadda (oo ay ku jiraan shaabadda ugu weyn, giraanta kaydinta, iyo shaabadda daboolka) ee piston-ka iyo koofiyadda-dhamaadka- isticmaal bac caag ah si aad isaga ilaaliso inay waxyeello u geysato jeexjeexyada shaabadu.

3. Kormeerida Qaybaha: Shuruudaha Muhiimka ah ee Beddelka

Qayb kasta oo la kala furfuray waa in si adag loo eego si loo go'aamiyo in la dayactirayo ama la bedelayo. Kuwa soo socdaa waa walxaha iyo heerarka kormeerka muhiimka ah:

• Foostada Silinder: Ka hubi gidaarka gudaha xagxajinta, daxalka, ama xidhashada. Adeegso tijaabiyaha qallafsanaanta dusha si aad u cabbirto qallafsanaanta-haddii ay ka badan tahay Ra0.8 μm (heerka foostada silinda-haydarooliga), foosto waa in la beddelaa. Xagjirrada yaryar (qoto-dheer <0.2 mm), isticmaal xaashi-xariif ah (800-1200 mesh) si aad u nadiifiso dusha sare ee jihada dhidibka dhululubada, laakiin hubi dhexroorka gudaha inuu ku sii jiro xadka dulqaadka (tusaale, ± 0.05 mm foosto dhexroor ah 160 mm).
• Piston RodKa eeg dusha sare ee daloolka, diirka chrome, ama foorarsiga. Isticmaal tusaha garaaca si aad u cabbirto toosnaanta-haddii darajo foorarsigu ka badato 0.5 mm halkii mitir, usha waa in la toosiyaa (adoo la isticmaalayo mishiinka toosinta haydarooliga) ama la beddelo. Ku hubi dhumucda dahaadhka chrome-ka oo leh cabbir dhumucda dahaarka; haddii ay ka yar tahay 0.05 mm, dib u dheji usha si aad uga hortagto daxalka.
• Seals iyo O-ringsKa baadh dildilaaca, qallafsanaanta, ama qallooca Xitaa haddii aysan jirin waxyeello muuqata, ku beddel dhammaan shaabadihii kuwo cusub (maadaama shaabaduhu ay hoos u dhacaan waqti ka dib sababtoo ah gabowga saliidda iyo isbeddelka heerkulka). Hubi in shaabadaha cusubi ay le'eg yihiin cabbirka iyo walxaha kan asalka ah - tusaale ahaan, isticmaal shaabada fluororubber ee dhululubada ka shaqeeya jawi heerkul sare ah (ka sarreeya 80°C) si ay isaga caabiyaan gabowga kulaylka.
• Hagaha Sleeve iyo Piston: Hubi godka gudaha ee gacanta hagaha si aad u xidhato-haddii kala-baxa u dhexeeya gacanta hagaha iyo usha piston ay ka badan tahay 0.15 mm (oo lagu cabbiro cabbirka dareenka), beddel gacanta hagaha. Ka eeg godadka xirmada ee piston-ka si ay u qalloociyaan; haddii qoto-dheeraanta jeexdintu ay hoos u dhigto in ka badan 0.1 mm, beddel bistoonka si aad u hubiso in shaabaddu si adag ugu habboon tahay.

4. Dib-u-ururinta: Hawlgalka Saxda ah ee lagu hubinayo waxqabadka xidhidhiyaha

Dib-u-ururintu waa soo-noqoshada kala-soocidda, laakiin saxnaanta ayaa muhiim ah si looga fogaado daadad ama guul-darrooyinka hawlgalka. Raac tillaabooyinkan muhiimka ah:

1. Qaybaha nadiifka ah: Ka hor inta aanad isku dayin, ku nadiifi dhammaan qaybaha (oo ay ku jiraan foostada silinda, usha piston, iyo shaabadihii cusub) nadiifiyaha saliidda biyaha ee u go'an (ka fogow isticmaalka shidaalka ama naaftada, taas oo dhaawici karta shaabadaha). Ku qallaji qaybaha hawo cufan (cadaad <0.4 MPa) si aad uga hortagto in biyo ama hadhaagu haray.
2. Ku rakib SealsCodso lakab khafiif ah oo saliid ah oo biyo ah (oo la mid ah nooca saliidda nidaamka, tusaale ahaan, ISO VG46) xirmooyinka cusub oo ku dheji godka shaabadda. Shaabadda ugu weyn (tusaale ahaan, shaabadda U-koobka), hubi in bushimaha ay wajahaan jihada cadaadiska saliidda - rakibidda khaldan waxay sababi doontaa daadinta daran. Isticmaal qalabka wax lagu xidho (gacmo balaastig ah) si aad shaabadda ugu riixdo godka, adigoo iska ilaalinaya maroojin.
3. Isku-dubbaridi Bistoon iyo Bistoon: Ku marooji bisinka usha bistoonka oo ku adkee lowska qufulka si aad u hesho wareegtada la cayimay (tusaale, 250-300 N·m ee M24 nuts). Isticmaal furaha quwadda si aad u hubiso xitaa xoog, oo lawska ku xidh biin cotter ah (haddii qalabaysan yahay) si aad uga hortagto dabcinta inta lagu jiro hawlgalka.
4. Ku rakib Usha Bistoonka ah ee foosto Silinder ahKu mari saliidda hadhidarooliga dusha usha piston-ka iyo gidaarka gudaha ee foosto dhululubo. Usha bistoonka u riix foosto si tartiib ah oo toosan, adoo hubinaya in bisinku aanu ku dhicin gidaarka gudaha ee foostada. Kadibna, rakib daboolka hore, toosi godadka boodhka, oo adkee boolalka qaabka qallafsan (wareeggu waa inuu u dhigmaa qeexida soo saaraha-tusaale, 100 N·m ee boolal M18) si loo hubiyo in daboolka dhamaadka si adag loo xidhay.
5. Isku xidhka Tubooyinka SaliidaDib-u-xidhka tuubooyinka saliidda laga soo galo iyo kuwa ka baxa iyadoo loo eegayo calaamadaha la sameeyay inta lagu guda jiro kala-diridda. Ku adkee kala-goysyada tuubooyinka oo leh fur furan (tusaale, 40-60 N·m ee tuubooyinka 1-inch) si aad uga fogaato adkeynta xad-dhaafka ah, taas oo dhaawici karta dunta.

5. Tijaabada Dib-u-habaynta Kadib: Xaqiiji waxqabadka iyo badbaadada

Dib-u-ururinta ka dib, samee tijaabooyin dhammaystiran si aad u hubiso in dhululubada haydarooliga u shaqeeyo si caadi ah:

• Tijaabada Raad La'aantaKu xidh batteriga oo billow mishiinka xamuulka. Daar kabaalka kontoroolka korriinka si aad u fidiso oo dib ugu celiso dhululubada 5-10 jeer xawaare hooseeya (10-15 mm/s). U fiirso dillaacyada daboolka dhamaadka iyo tuubooyinka saliidda - haddii ay daadanayaan, jooji tijaabada isla markaaba hubi rakibaadda shaabadda ama wareegga wareegga.
• Tijaabada Xamuulka: Isticmaal cabbirka cadaadiska si aad u cabbirto cadaadiska nidaamka hydraulic inta lagu jiro hawlgalka. Kordhi kor u kaca ilaa dhererkiisa ugu badan oo mari culays (50% ee culayska la qiimeeyay, tusaale, 10 tan ee kor u kaca lagu qiimeeyay 20-tan) 30 daqiiqo. Hubi in dhululubada uu culeyska si adag u hayo (ma muuqato 沉降) iyo haddii cadaadisku ku jiro inta la qiimeeyay (tusaale, 25-30 MPa).
• Imtixaanka Hawlgalka: Tijaabi xawaaraha dhululubada iyo ka jawaab celintiisa adiga oo hagaajinaya kor u qaadista iyo fidinta xawaaraha. Hubi in dhaqdhaqaaqu yahay mid siman (ma jiro qaylo ama buuq) iyo xawaaruhu waa la siman yahay qeexida soo saaraha (tusaale, 30-40 mm/s si loo kordhiyo).

6. Talooyinka Dayactirka iyo Daryeelka Dib-u-dayactirka

Si aad u kordhiso nolosha adeega dhululubada haydarooliga ee la dayactiray, raac talooyinkan:

• Isbeddelka Saliidda Joogtada ah: Beddel saliidda biyaha 2000 kasta saacada shaqada (ama hal mar sanadkii, hadba kii soo hormara). Isticmaal saliid buuxisa shuruudaha nidaamka (tusaale ahaan, saliid biyo-diid ah oo ka-hortagga xidhashada oo leh viscosity ISO VG46) oo ku sifee saliidda shaandhada 10 μm si aad uga saarto wasakhda.
• Nadiifi shaandhada hawadaNadiifi 500 saacadood kasta oo shaqada oo beddel 1000 saacadood kasta.
• Kormeerka maalinlaha ahIsticmaal kasta ka hor, ka hubi dhululubada si ay u daadato, usha piston si aad u xoqdo, iyo heerka saliidda ee taangiga haydarooliga. Haddii dhawaqyo aan caadi ahayn ama dhaqdhaqaaq gaabis ah la ogaado, jooji hawsha oo isla markiiba baar dhululubada.

Gabagabo

Dhululubada Haydarooliga waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah kobaca bamka shubka ah, tayada dayactirkeeduna waxay si toos ah u saamaynaysaa hufnaanta hawleed iyo badbaadada gaadhiga. Adigoo raacaya tillaabooyinka faahfaahsan ee diyaarinta dayactirka ka hor, kala diris halbeeg ah, hubinta qaybaha adag, dib-u-ururinta saxda ah, iyo tijaabinta dayactirka kadib, farsamayaqaannadu waxay hubin karaan in dhululubada haydarooliga u shaqeeyo si la isku halleyn karo. Dayactirka joogtada ah iyo beddelka waqtiga ee qaybaha duugoobay ma aha oo kaliya inay yareeyaan halista guul-darrooyinka lama filaanka ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay kordhiyaan nolosha adeegga dhammaan nidaamka kor u kaca, hubinta in baabuurka bamka la taaban karo uu si habsami leh u qabto mashaariicda dhismaha.