Ama-boom weloli lephampu likakhonkolo ancike kakhulu kumasilinda asebenza ngogesi ukuze afinyelele ukunyakaza okunembile nokuzinzile, ukunwetshwa, nokugoqa. La masilinda asebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, imithwalo esindayo, nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima (njengokuchayeka ezinsalela zikakhonkolo, uthuli, nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa), okwenza ukugcinwa okuvamile nokulungiswa ngesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukwehluleka okungazelelwe nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza. Lesi sihloko sichaza ngezinyathelo ezibalulekile nokucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe ekulungiseni amasilinda asebenza ngogesi wamaloli ephampu kakhonkolo, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwangaphambi kokulungiswa, ukuqaqa, ukuhlola, ukushintshwa kwengxenye, ukuhlanganisa kabusha, nokuhlolwa kwangemuva kokulungisa.
1. Ukulungiselela Ukulungiswa Kwangaphambili: Ukuphepha Nokulungela Ithuluzi
Ukuphepha kuyinto ehamba phambili ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokulungisa. Okokuqala, misa iloli yephampu kakhonkolo endaweni eyisicaba, eqinile bese ubamba ibhuleki lokupaka. Yehlisa i-boom endaweni evundlile ezinzile (noma sebenzisa ifreyimu yokusekela uma i-boom ingakwazi ukwehliswa) ukuze ukhulule ingcindezi kusilinda esisebenza ngamanzi. Vala injini yeloli futhi unqamule ibhethri ukuze ugweme ukusebenza ngephutha kwesistimu ye-hydraulic. Okulandelayo, khulula ingcindezi eyinsalela kumjikelezo we-hydraulic: khulula kancane kancane amalunga epayipi likawoyela esilinda (usebenzisa isikrufu esinomkhawulo we-torque) ngenkathi ubeka ipani likawoyela ngezansi ukuze uqoqe uwoyela ovuzayo we-hydraulic, uqiniseke ukuthi azikho izifutho zikawoyela ezinomfutho ophezulu ukuze zidale ukulimala.
Ukulungiselela ithuluzi, qoqa amathuluzi akhethekile ukuze ugweme ukulimaza izingxenye ezinembayo. Amathuluzi adingekayo afaka: isethi yama-torque wrenches (enebanga lika-0-500 N·m, elifanele ukuqinisa ukucaciswa okuhlukile kwamabhawodi), i-hydraulic cylinder disassembly stand (ukulungisa isilinda ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokuhlaka), i-piston rod puller (yokukhipha ngokuphepha i-piston kusuka ku-cylinder barrel cleaner (i-ultrasonic barrel cleaner) amavalvu), umhloli wokuqina kwendawo (ukuhlola udonga lwangaphakathi lombhobho we-cylinder kanye nengaphezulu le-piston rod), kanye nesethi yezingxenye ezishintshayo (njenge-seal, ama-O-ring, izindandatho zothuli, nemikhono eqondisayo, okumele ihambisane nemodeli yesilinda-isb. ukumelana phezulu umfutho kanye nokugqwala kwamafutha).
2. Ukuhlakazwa kwe-Hydraulic Cylinder: Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Nokuvimbela Ukulimala
Hlukanisa isilinda endaweni yokusebenzela ehlanzekile, engenalo uthuli (noma sebenzisa isembozo sothuli uma usebenza ngaphandle) ukuze uvimbele ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni ohlelweni lwamanzi. Ukulandelana kwe-disassembly kufanele kulandele ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sesilinda ukuze kugwemeke ukuguquguquka kwengxenye:
- Susa Izixhumanisi Zangaphandle: Sebenzisa isikrufu sesokhethi ukuze unqamule indawo yokungena kawoyela namapayipi okukhipha kusukela kumakepisi okugcina wesilinda. Maka ipayipi ngalinye futhi ulihlanganise ngelebula (isb., “Ipayipi Lokufaka - I-Rod End”) ukuze ugweme ukuxhuma kabi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kabusha. Xhuma izimbobo zamapayipi nezimbobo zikawoyela zesilinda ngezivalo zepulasitiki ezihlanzekile ukuze uvikele uthuli noma imfucumfucu ukuthi ingangeni.
- Hlukanisa i-End Cap nePiston Rod: Lungisa umgqomo wesilinda endaweni yokuqaqa. Sebenzisa i-torque wrench ukuze ukhulule ama-bolts axhuma i-cap end end (end end) emgqonyeni wesilinda-sebenzisa i-torque ngokulinganayo (isb., 80-120 N·m for M16 bolts) ukuvimbela isiphetho sokugcina ukuthi singatsheki. Ngemuva kokukhipha amabhawodi, sebenzisa i-mallet yerabha ukuze uthinte isivalo sokugcina kahle bese usikhipha sivundlile. Bese, kancane kancane donsa i-piston rod (enepiston enamathiselwe) uyikhiphe emgqonyeni wesilinda, ugweme ukunwaya indawo yenduku ye-piston onqenqemeni lombhobho we-cylinder.
- Hlukanisa Izingxenye Zangaphakathi: Hlukanisa i-piston ku-piston rod ngokukhipha inati lokukhiya (sebenzisa isipanela esinephedi elingasheleli ukuze uvimbele induku yepiston ukuthi ingazungezi). Khipha i-seal assembly (okuhlanganisa uphawu oluyinhloko, indandatho yokusekelayo, ne-buffer seal) ku-piston kanye ne-end cap-sebenzisa okokukhetha kwepulasitiki ukuze ugweme ukulimaza imigodi.
3. Ukuhlolwa Kwengxenye: Imibandela Ebalulekile Yokushintsha
Ingxenye ngayinye ehlakaziwe kufanele ihlolwe ngokuqinile ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi iyalungiswa yini noma ishintshwe. Okulandelayo yizinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola kanye namazinga:
- I-Cylinder Barel: Hlola udonga lwangaphakathi ukuze uthole imihuzuko, ukugqwala, noma ukuguga. Sebenzisa isihloli sokuqina komhlaba ukuze ulinganise ubulukhuni—uma budlula u-Ra0.8 μm (izinga lemiphongolo yesilinda esisebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi), umphongolo kufanele ushintshwe. Ukuze uthole imihuzuko emincane (ukujula okungu-<0.2 mm), sebenzisa i-fine-grit sandpaper (800-1200 mesh) ukuze upholishe ubuso ngendlela ye-axis yesilinda, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi ububanzi obungaphakathi buhlala bungaphakathi kwebanga lokubekezelelana (isb., ±0.05 mm ngomphongolo ongaphakathi ongu-160 mm).
- I-Piston Rod: Hlola indawo engaphandle ukuze uthole amazinyo, ukuxebuka kwe-chrome plating, noma ukugoba. Sebenzisa inkomba yokudayela ukuze ulinganise ukuqondisa—uma izinga lokugoba lidlula i-0.5 mm ngemitha, induku kufanele iqondiswe (kusetshenziswa umshini wokuqondisa i-hydraulic) noma ishintshwe. Hlola ukujiya kwe-chrome plating ngegeji yokujiya yokumboza; uma ingaphansi kuka-0.05 mm, phinda ucwebe induku ukuze ugweme ukugqwala.
- Seals kanye O-Rings: Hlola ukuqhekeka, ukuqina, noma ukuguqulwa. Ngisho noma kungekho monakalo osobala, shintsha zonke izimpawu ufake ezintsha (njengoba izimpawu ziwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokuguga kwamafutha kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa). Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-seal amasha anosayizi kanye nezinto ezilinganayo nezasekuqaleni—ngokwesibonelo, sebenzisa izigxivizo ze-fluororubber kumasilinda asebenza endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (ngaphezulu kuka-80°C) ukuze amelane nokuguga okushisayo.
- Qondisa i-Sleeve ne-Piston: Hlola imbobo engaphakathi yomkhono womhlahlandlela ukuthi igugile yini—uma imvume phakathi komkhono womhlahlandlela nenduku ye-piston idlula u-0.15 mm ( ikalwa ngegeji yokuzizwa), buyisela umkhono womhlahlandlela. Hlola imisele yokuvala i-piston ukuze uthole ukuguqulwa; uma ukujula kwegroove kuncishiswe ngaphezu kuka-0.1 mm, buyisela ipiston ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uphawu lulingana ngokuqinile.
4. Ukuhlanganisa kabusha: Ukusebenza Okunembayo Ukuqinisekisa Ukusebenza Kokuvala
I-Reassembly iwukuhlanekezela kokuqaqa, kodwa ukunemba kubalulekile ukugwema ukuvuza noma ukwehluleka ukusebenza. Landela lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile:
- Izingxenye Ezihlanzekile: Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa, hlanza zonke izingxenye (okuhlanganisa i-cylinder barrel, i-piston rod, nezimpawu ezintsha) ngesihlanzi samafutha e-hydraulic esizinikezele (gwema ukusebenzisa uphethiloli noma udizili, ongalimaza izimpawu). Yomisa izingxenye ngomoya ocindezelweyo (ingcindezi engu-<0.4 MPa) ukuze uvimbele amanzi noma izinsalela ukuthi zisale.
- Faka ama-Seals: Faka ungqimba oluncane lukawoyela we-hydraulic (uhlobo olufanayo nowoyela wesistimu, isb., ISO VG46) kuma-seal amasha bese uwafaka emiseleni yokuvalwa. Ngophawu oluyinhloko (isb., uphawu lwe-U-cup), qinisekisa ukuthi udebe lubhekene nesiqondiso sokucindezela kwamafutha-ukufakwa okungalungile kuzodala ukuvuza okukhulu. Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokufaka uphawu (umkhono wepulasitiki) ukusunduza uphawu emseleni, ugweme ukusonteka.
- Hlanganisa iPiston nePiston Rod: Khipha i-piston ku-piston rod futhi uqinise inadi lokukhiya ku-torque eshiwo (isb., 250-300 N·m for M24 nuts). Sebenzisa i-torque wrench ukuze uqinisekise amandla alinganayo, futhi ukhiye inadi ngephinikhodi ye-cotter (uma ifakwe) ukuze uvimbele ukuxega phakathi nokusebenza.
- Faka i-Piston Rod ku-Cylinder Barrel: Gcoba uwoyela we-hydraulic endaweni ye-piston rod kanye nodonga lwangaphakathi lomgqomo wesilinda. Phusha i-piston rod emgqonyeni kancane futhi uvundlile, uqinisekise ukuthi ipiston ayingqubuzani nodonga lwangaphakathi lomgqomo. Bese, faka isiphetho esingaphambili, uqondanise izimbobo zebhawodi, futhi uqinise amabhawodi ngephethini ye-crisscross (i-torque kumele ihambisane nencazelo yomkhiqizi-isb., 100 N·m for M18 bolts) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isiphetho sivalwe ngokuqinile.
- Xhuma Amapayipi Amafutha: Xhuma kabusha amapayipi okungenisa uwoyela namapayipi okukhipha ngokusho kwamalebula enziwe ngesikhathi sokuqaqa. Qinisa amalunga epayipi ngesikrufu se-torque (isb., 40-60 N·m ngamapayipi angu-1 intshi) ukuze ugweme ukuqina ngokweqile, okungalimaza intambo.
5. Ukuhlola Ngemva Kokulungisa: Qinisekisa Ukusebenza Nokuphepha
Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa kabusha, yenza izivivinyo ezibanzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isilinda esisebenza nge-hydraulic sisebenza ngokujwayelekile:
- Ukuhlola Okungalayishiwe: Xhuma ibhethri bese uqala injini yeloli. Yenza kusebenze i-boom control lever ukuze inwebe futhi ihoxise isilinda izikhathi ezingu-5-10 ngesivinini esiphansi (10-15 mm/s). Bheka ukuvuza ezindaweni zokugcina nasemapayipini kawoyela—uma kuvuza, misa ukuhlola ngokushesha bese uhlola ukufakwa kwezigxivizo noma itorque yebhawodi.
- Layisha Ukuhlola: Sebenzisa i-gauge yokucindezela ukuze ulinganise ingcindezi yesistimu ye-hydraulic ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Nweba i-boom ibe ubude bayo obukhulu futhi usebenzise umthwalo (50% womthwalo olinganiselwe, isb., amathani angu-10 nge-boom elinganiselwe yamathani angu-20) imizuzu engu-30. Hlola ukuthi isilinda ibamba umthwalo ngokuzinzile (akukho 沉降 osobala) futhi uma ukucindezela kuhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elilinganiselwe (isb., 25-30 MPa).
- Ukuhlola Ukusebenza: Hlola isivinini nesilinda nokuphendula ngokulungisa ukuphakamisa nokunwetshwa kwesivinini. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukunyakaza kuhamba kahle (akukho jitter noma umsindo) futhi isivinini sifana nokucaciswa komkhiqizi (isb., 30-40 mm/s ukuze kunwetshwe).
6. Amathiphu Okunakekela Nokunakekela Ngemva Kokulungisa
Ukwelula impilo yesevisi yesilinda esilungiswayo se-hydraulic, landela lawa macebiso:
- Ukushintsha Kwamafutha Okuvamile: Shintshanisa uwoyela we-hydraulic njalo ngamahora okusebenza angu-2000 (noma kanye ngonyaka, noma yikuphi okuza kuqala). Sebenzisa uwoyela ohlangabezana nezidingo zesistimu (isb., uwoyela we-hydraulic anti-wear ane-viscosity ye-ISO VG46) bese uhlunga uwoyela ngesihlungi esingu-10 μm ukuze ususe ukungcola.
- Hlanza Isihlungi Somoya: Isihlungi somoya sesistimu ye-hydraulic sivimbela uthuli ukuthi lungangeni—sihlanze njalo emahoreni okusebenza angu-500 futhi esikhundleni saso njalo ngamahora angu-1000.
- Ukuhlola Kwansuku zonke: Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngakunye, hlola isilinda ukuvuza, induku ye-piston ukuze uthole imihuzuko, kanye nezinga likawoyela ethangini le-hydraulic. Uma kutholakala imisindo engavamile noma ukunyakaza okunensayo, yeka ukusebenza bese uhlola isilinda ngokushesha.
Isiphetho
I-hydraulic cylinder iyingxenye eyinhloko ye-boom yeloli yepompo likakhonkolo, futhi izinga layo lokugcinwa lithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kweloli. Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezinemininingwane zokulungiselela ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kokulungiswa, ukuhlakazwa okujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwengxenye eqinile, ukuhlanganisa kabusha okunembayo, kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwangemuva kokulungiswa, ochwepheshe bangaqinisekisa ukuthi isilinda esisebenza nge-hydraulic sisebenza ngokuthembekile. Ukugcinwa okuvamile nokushintshwa ngesikhathi kwezingxenye ezigugile akunciphisi nje kuphela ingozi yokwehluleka okungazelelwe kodwa futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yalo lonke uhlelo lwe-boom, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iloli lephampu likakhonkolo lenza ngokuzinza kumaphrojekthi wokwakha.
